An 80,000 PSI hybridized 6.8 SPC would have necessitated a new rifle chassis because the bolt design of AR-15's or even AR-10's cannot facilitate those working pressures, I doubt the chambers could have handled it even if the bolts could have. And the Army specified pushing a 130-135gr 6.8mm projectile of their design (as I posted above, a scaled up M855A1 bullet) to 3,000 FPS from a 16" barrel.
A hybrid 6.8 SPC wouldn't be able to meet those requirements, although I do think you could get it to push a 110gr bullet to those velocities. Either way, an entirely new chassis, barrel and bolt would have been needed anyway. But consider a scaled up M855A1 bullet as a 110gr .360 BC 6.8mm bullet in a hybridized 6.8x43mm case, pushing 3,000 FPS from 16". That would have been a true "intermediate" round. I know H has gotten 2700 to 2750 consistently for 110gr OTM's from 16", so I don't think 3,000 is unrealistic for a hybrid case and rifle chassis capable of 80k psi chamber pressures.
However, I do agree that a 6.8x43mm "Fury" or 277 Fury Short, what ever you might call it, would have increased ammunition capacity over 6.8x51mm and reduced over all weight compared to 6.8x51mm considerably while being a true "middle of the road" cartridge. Even in it's form now, 6.8x43mm significantly out performs 5.56 at all things 5.56ish.
Pushing 3000 FPS from a 110gr 6.8mm load from a 16" barrel would have been a real darling in something that is within 1lb of the weight of AR-15's in 5.56. That's a lot of fire power in a very light weight, compact package. The MCX Spear is anything but compact and lightweight with a suppressor even with it's 13in barrel, it's still a full sized battle rifle that's slightly bulkier than an AR-10 (which when done right, isn't bad as that's the trade off). And if you try to use it without a suppressor....good night, the blast, concussion and recoil is MASSIVE. It's really designed to be used suppressed.
But I get the logistics and reasoning of it. 5.56x45mm is heavily entrenched with NATO allies and the US military both in terms of production, equipment and available ammunition stores. All branches of the US military have now standardized on M855A1 as a general purpose combat load with enhanced LAP capability, the early frag with the solid copper core slug that typically penetrates about 20 inches addresses some of the most critical short comings of 5.56x45mm. Most civilian LE agencies now use 62gr bonded (Federal) either in .223 spec or NATO spec pressures as they don't need ranges beyond 100 yards, but the BC is terrible at .224....
Sure, a 6.8x42mm A1 load, if it were developed, would outperform M855A1 in 5.56 just like M80A1 in 7.62x51 significantly outperforms M855A1, but I believe they found the M855A1 to generally meet their requirements and reasonably address the short comings of 5.56 for it's given role. It really is a short to at most medium range cartridge.
1. M855A1 addresses AOA dependency from 0 to 50 meters. Because it is not angle of attack dependent, it doesn't ice pick randomly at CQB distances like M855 did.
2. It has the same ballistic coefficient (0.306) as M855, so any combat sights and training centered around M855 exterior ballistics are close (in practice it's not exact as any experienced hunter would expect).
3. As far as I know, it's performance through intermediate barriers such as auto glass is significantly better than M855 or MK262. That's because the base is a solid copper slug where the other two loads were lead core, the whole bullet would break apart. I would expect performance through auto glass to be similar to ATK 62gr Bonded SP.
4. NWCS-Crane found that during testing of gas port locations on carbines that with the Geissele URG-I's (which originally had barrels made by Daniels Defense), that cold hammer forged chrome lined mid-length barrels lasted 2x that of typical cut rifled GI-spec chrome lined barrels.
Note: I suspect that the increased service life is more to do with the gas port location AND more importantly, the modern electro-plating processes used for chrome lining than the hammer forging of the barrel because of the studies Boeing did on air craft guns (see attached images). They are NOT the same. Typical GI spec chrome lining is vastly inferior to some of the more modern processes that avoid mico-cracks that are the source of early failure in chrome lined bores.
5. M855A1 provides a longer fragmentation range, I've seen some gel shots of M855A1 shot out of a 10.3" barrel at 2400 FPS and still fragment quite well. I suspect it will fragment down to between 2000 FPS or possibly less which extends the ideal terminal performance threshold out to around 350 yards from a 16" barrel. That's pretty good for 5.56 and matches the effective terminal range of most 6.8 SPC hunting loads.
So I think that covers some of the biggest reasons why they stayed with 5.56 for now with 6.8x51mm to fill in where more fire power is needed. None of this invalidates the merits of 6.8x43mm which simply out performs 5.56 at all ranges one would use 5.56.
And as a civilian, you cannot get and will likely not be able to get M855A1 for your 5.56 rifle any time soon as they are not making surplus available to the American public at the present time. That leaves you with 77gr OTM's, 62 and 64gr bonded SP's which have horrible BC's (only good for close range, but do well against barriers) and the erratic M855 along with some exotic solid coppers which don't have great BC's either (again, mostly close range use) and also cost nearly $2 a round. MK318 is now defunct, out of production entirely in 5.56. So what's left to civilians or LE? Specialized loads only good at one thing. There's nothing that would work well for a general purpose load in 5.56 that doesn't really give up in one area or another.
Attached is some load testing data for M855A1 you might find interesting. Even with the pinnacle of 5.56 ammunition, I'll point out that a 24gr slug that remains after it looses 60% of it's mass on impact is simply not going to do as much damage deep within the target as a 60-70gr slug from a 6.8 SPC bullet that lost 50% of it's mass. Sometimes, there simply no replacement for displacement or getting around the fact that half of a 6.8 SPC bullet will always be...a whole 5.56 bullet!