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Bullet bounced off a backbone.

1582 Views 49 Replies 15 Participants Last post by  Guts
On a recent mule deer hunt, I tried dispatching a small downed buck with my subcompact 45 ACP. The buck was trying to get up and facing directly away from me. I shot for the base of the neck where it meets the spine. I was no more than 10 feet away.

The bullet struck near dead center of the vertebrae. The bullet was facing backwards in the opposite tenderloin. The total wound channel was about 4”-ish long and V shaped. The bullet failed to fracture the main vertebrae or damage the spinal cord. The bullet literally bounced off the vertebra.

The shot did temporarily stun the deer but in a matter of seconds it started to recover. I ended up having to cut the poor creature’s throat. The factory loaded Barnes 45 ACP 185 gr copper HP bullet expansion is picture perfect. This 45 ACP cartridge is sold by Taurus.

When I posted this on another forum, I was blasted for my “shot placement”. Not sure what that mean as a SNS shot is normally pretty deadly. Some faulted the newfangled 185 grain Barnes bullet as too light. I think the bullet did what it could do but the initial self-defense loading is weak and the short barrel made it worse.

I trusting my life to the ammo in my daily carry.
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What did you expect to happen?
You needed penetration to break vertebrae but had an expanding bullet designed to transfer shock and do damage to soft tissue. Wrong bullet for the application. Now it should work well on center torso hits.
You needed penetration to break vertebrae but had an expanding bullet designed to transfer shock and do damage to soft tissue. Wrong bullet for the application. Now it should work well on center torso hits.
Seriously, so how do I shoot around ribs, sternum, zippers on leather jackets or a pocket full of anything?
What did you expect to happen?
I fully expect a self-defense round to break the back bone of a bad guy at 10 feet.

What would you expect from a self-defense round? Tickle a bad guy’s ribs to death?
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I guess it’s my bad. I forgot self-defense rounds are designed for the old bellyflop scenario. All splash in a kiddie pool. Actual bone breaking penetration would be evil.

Quite seriously, if a bullet can’t penetrate 2 1/2” of tenderloin and break a back bone, how is it going to break a sternum and puncture a lung? I expect self-defense ammo to have stopping power, that includes breaking bones.

I think Hollywood and gun writers have convinced too many people that a pistol is somehow grossly over powerful. Pistol bullets will penetrate multiple walls and kill our neighbors sleeping baby 300 yards away. I’d be surprised if this anemic round could penetrate more than a T-shirt at 300 yards.

How, many times has a TV hero emptied a rifle, with sparks flying. Then pull his pistol and drop every bad guy, even through walls. We actually believe that nonsense and ammo manufacturers are happy to add less powder but still charge a premium.

There’s a lot of propaganda on the box but I didn’t read, “This ammo will only penetrate the bad guy. Do not use for any other purpose”.
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My line of thinking is if I'm using lighter weight pills, more speed (shock), if I'm shooting something with less speed, I need mass to penetrate. Also, bone varies. A rib bone is designed to move a little, but not much, and it's thinner. A leg bone is going to be more robust. A neck bone is designed for ease of movement. So a bullet which shatters rib bone, may only crack a leg bone, and the elasticity of an entire neck may contribute to the result you experienced. Also, a vertebrae offers a little more structural support on the posterior side, less on the anterior side. Vertebrae at the base of the neck are dealing with more leverage than those located at the base of the skull, so, more robust at the base of the neck. I'd be willing to bet that the same shot to C1 would've given you the desire you were seeking.
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Seriously, so how do I shoot around ribs, sternum, zippers on leather jackets or a pocket full of anything?
Those are a little different than the spine of a mule deer. One is hard bone that by design has to be tough and the other is cartilage designed to bend and is fairly soft in comparison. That said a human upper torso typically doesnt have 3in of meat before a fairly heavy bone that is needing to be broken. Its more like 1-2.5" if someone is ripped and you hit the pectoral muscle and then it needs to penetrate soft cartilage to go to work. If you are not confident in the round I would switch to something that would penetrate more.

Expanding bullets by design limit penetration. When you combine a lightweight bullet that expands a lot I wouldn't expect much penetration in anything other than gel. Also a wide surface area round hitting something hard spreads out the force instead of concentrating it on one spot. Thus also not the ideal situation for breaking bone. Think a 20oz tennis racket (wide side) hitting you vs a 20 oz hammer.

Similarly, I shot a cablelock with a 45acp 3.5in barrel and 230gr hst once and it stopped the bullet without breaking the lock. The bullet was imbedded in the side of the lock, it didnt even break the bullet apart. The hit was solid, but that made me get rid of that short barrel 1911.


BTW I used to run that exact taurus round years ago.
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A quick Google search only found one review of this ammo so I'm basing this off a small section of data. According to the article it was slightly under 950fps out of a full 5" 1911. Depending on how much shorter your barrel is that could be a significant loss in velocity. According to the same article penetration in ballistics gel was about 10.5", while the standard for defensive handgun ammo is usually held at 12" minimum (because thats the FBI minumim) with many gun/load combinations reaching around 16" of penetration after expansion.


So you're shooting a light and wide bullet, designed to expand relatively slow against a hard target. It's sort of a perfect storm for things going the way they did it's not surprising it didn't penetrate very well.
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Defensive handgun loads are typically designed to not over penetrate to reduce the risk to bystanders. I may not have predicted it, but 'm not surprised by your results. I've hit an elk in the neck spine at 50 yards and 100 yards and not break the vertebrate. I've seen a 165 GMX from a 300 Win Mag at 110 yards not break the backbone of an 800-pound elk. The expanded/deformed bullet was stopped up against the vertebrate.

I carry when bowhunting for elk where bears are a concern. They recommend hardcast (200g for .40-cal) to ensure penetration. If this ammo is not available, they recommend flat FMJs over hollow points.
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@Guts - I agree with you in that the round should have (or I would have thought a good round should have) fractured the vertebrate. However, I also know (from many videos and personal experience later on that) that handguns with short barrels require "delicate" selection of ammunition.

Personal experience: I had to put a 60'ish pound, healthy pet (dog) down for several reasons that aren't relevant. After a really good day I sent him to "the farm" using a Gi 1911 clone and Federal 185 JHPs. Back of the head so it would be quick and humane (as it could be). The bullet didn't exit that I could tell (I was ready to get messy, but all I had with me). Nothing.

So, much like Xman, while I wouldn't have predicted it and would have preferred it work like I hoped, I'm not overly surprised.

These and many other reasons are why I usually run a 10mm while in the woods (occasionally a 357 Sig) with alternating JHPs and FMJs. POI is close enough at the ranges I intend to need.

Thanks for the report. Much like @Xman's after action report on "Constant Bearing - Decreasing Range" great info and much appreciated!!

ETA: Also wanted to thank others for their useful and informative input/comments. This is by FAR one of the best forums out there.
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I just remembered, many moons ago I took a bull caribou (arctic of Alaska) with a 55gr. soft point (Remington) in .22-250 with a frontal neck shot which ricocheted off the spine and cut the carotid artery on the way out. Dead as a popcorn fart when his legs splayed in four different directions and his bladder let loose at the same time.
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The deer was small, less than 120 lbs. I originally intended for a shot at the base of the skull. The animal was pretty agitated from already being wounded and with me and the wifey so close, a miss or more wounding was very likely.

A dispatch shot to the base of the neck with nearly any handgun, especially with a 45 at 10’, is not normally an unrealistic option. I’m a little stunned that so many think this is normal performance. I had to shoot a very large pitbull with a compact 380 using a 90 grain self-defense bullet at 10 feet. It instantly dropped it. I would’ve expected the 45 to perform similarly.

Usually when in the woods I carry a 6” 357 magnum. Encountering bears, lions and wolves are real possibilities where I hunt. The 6” barrel is good for a hunting but not so good for quick draw. I have the opportunity to pick up a 4” Dan Wesson 357 at a good price. I’m now a little hesitant.
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Maybe you should try Underwood's Leigh XD load. I thought the XD's were a gimmick until I came across two very legitimate tests, Military Arms channel tested it against HST (what I've carried for years) and Ranger 147gr in 9mm. The XD's did very well against barriers because they are non-expanding. Acts like an enhanced wad cutter with emphasis on CUTTER.

I have a friend who used the XD bullets in their 45-70 lever action for a deer and he said it produced way too much meat damage. Black Hills is also loading that bullet in their Honey Badger line of ammunition. It works. Maybe it would have performed differently in your situation maybe not. You could always buy a box and test it on the next deer you get.
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.45 ACP HoneyBadger™ | Black Hills Ammunition (black-hills.com)

Underwood Xtreme Defender Ammo 45 ACP +P 135 Grain Lehigh Xtreme (midwayusa.com)

They don't do more damage than a good HP (don't believe Underwood's marketing) but are much more consistent in terminal performance than HP's, monolithic or otherwise, especially against hard barriers like glass. I'd imagine that would enhance their performance when striking bone as well over a typical hollow point. I attached the Viper Systems test reports done for the DoD on these Leigh XD bullets.

While I didn't see evidence of significantly larger wound channels than a properly expanding HP, what they did do was provide high consistency. They are the only enhanced bullet to have never failed to perform even after the most difficult barriers. I still need to test them in my Sig's, but pending they feed and function correctly, will become my carry ammo of choice, with HST's being my second pick.

That's one of the things I had really liked about the 110gr OTM load in 6.8 (aka Hornady BTHP), it performed very well against glass barriers and other hard barriers, something VMax does not do well against. I've yet to see someone say it does not do well against hogs either, but I think a few have had mixed results with deer and BTHP (some performed very well, others penciled through which is an issue all OTM's can have).

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I had a similar experience with a domestic hog and a 40 s&w FMJ. It was a very large hog, but I thought surely a 180 gr flat fronted fmj to the spine at the base of the skull from 4 feet away would put it down for good. When he turned around after the shot and gave me a look like he wanted revenge, I questioned my decision to get into the pen with him to get a good angle. When we butchered him, we found the first bullet lodged in his spine without breaking through the first layer of bone and not reaching the spinal cord. The bullet only had about 1 1/2 inches of flesh to penetrate before reaching bone. Definitely opened my eyes about relying on a 40 sw for back up when in the hog woods.
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Sounds like the spine isn't a good place to shoot them with handgun loads. I'd imagine the head is also not a good target due to thick skull. One of the student engineers at my former employer was an Army Scout Sniper, while overseas he had to shoot a rabid dog with 9mm, he shot it in the face and bullet bounced off the dog's skull, the dog ran away lol. Like my instructor always said, handguns suck at killing things, they are marginal, so shoot accurately and fast with as many rounds as it takes at the weakest spots.

It's quite amazing at how much more effective the rifle is though; people kill hogs all the time with 5.56 and 6.8 SPC neck shots (pending shot placement). Velocity kills.
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I just think the large frontal area, rapid expanding, lite for caliber bullet traveling fairly slowly, is just a recipe for very little penetration. Looking at Ballistics By The Inch and extrapolating some data, the 185gr hst is 1002 fps from 5" but 946 fopr 4" and 867 for 3". Depending on your Subcompact barrel length and most reports saying this Taurus round was 950fps from 5", it could be around 815fps from a 3". I dont have great expectations when you look at those numbers. The bullet could be great handloaded up to a 45acp+p loading but this sounds like a fairly weak loaded round.

Here is an excerpt from M4guy attachment stating none of the expanding copper bullets met minimum penetration standard in any caliber. That said the non expanding solid copper (fluted) bullets were excellent and performed flawlessly.
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I liked the initial data when the fluted rounds came out but wanted to let the hype settle down and kind of forgot about them.

Now, I've got a couple boxes in my cart at Underwood in 10mm for a potential AK trip this summer. Thanks for the reminder.
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You're welcome. Not sure if it's a true review or not, but one of the reviews on Underwood site said someone was charged by a 465lb black bear and killed it with +P+ 9mm XD from a handgun. I think they were bow hunting and carried the handgun for self-defense in case of a charge.
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